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Victoria (crater)
Victoria is an impact crater on Mars located at 2.05°S, 5.50°W in the Meridiani Planum extraterrestrial plain, lying situated within the Margaritifer Sinus quadrangle (MC-19) region of the planet Mars. This crater was first visited by the Mars Exploration Rover ''Opportunity''.〔(【引用サイトリンク】title="Victoria Crater" at Meridiani Planum )〕 It is roughly 730 metres wide, nearly eight times the size of the crater Endurance, visited by Opportunity from sols 951〔(NASA Mars Rover Arrives at Dramatic Vista on Red Planet )〕 to 1630.〔 It is informally named after ''Victoria'' – one of the five ships of Ferdinand Magellan and the first ship to circumnavigate the globe – and formally named after Victoria, Seychelles. Along the edges of the crater are many outcrops within recessed alcoves and promontories, named for bays and capes that Magellan discovered.
Opportunity traveled for 21 months to Victoria before finally reaching its edge on September 26, 2006 (sol 951),〔 at the newly named "Duck Bay".〔(【引用サイトリンク】title=PIA08777: Overview of Approach to 'Victoria' )〕 Around the rover were features dubbed "No Name", "Duck Crater", "Emma Dean", "Maid of the Canyon", and "Kitty Clyde's Sister". It also imaged several nearby alcoves, informally named "Cape Verde" and "Cabo Frio", and a small bright crater the size of Beagle on the opposite end of Victoria.
== Exploration ==
After arrival at the crater, the rover undertook a partial clockwise circumnavigation. The trip took approximately a quarter of the way around the crater. The various "bays" and "capes" were named after various landmarks visited by Ferdinand Magellan aboard the ship ''Victoria''.
The circumnavigation allowed rover drivers to identify possible entry and exit points, create a high resolution topographical map of the crater and test out upgraded drive software.〔 The rover investigated the layering on the walls of the various capes and the nature of the dark streaks to the north of the crater.
抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』
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